If you are blowing black smoke, and have leaky up pipes, you should notice black soot around them. It would also give you lower boost as exhaust pressure/volume/velocity is what drives the turbo.
My suggestion is to get it scanned, sensor readings, and run injector tests. A diesel shop should be able to do it, or you could buy AutoEnginuity. Compression text would also be handy, may just be worn cylinders.
How are you checking fuel economy? Do you have the overhead display or are you hand calculating? Black smoke is wasted fuel.
A better fix for leaky up pipes is bellowed up pipes...but more expensive.
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01 F350 7.3 4x4 CC SRW/3.73/315-75-16/Aeroforce Interceptor/BD Thruster II/ Bellowed Up-Pipes/4" turbo back exhaust/CCV Mod/DIY 6637/FPR Shimmed to 65 PSI/TS chip reburned with PHP tunes (Stock, 40T WITH Whsiper tune, 80DD, 100R, 140Ex, 140SS)/Replaced and Cleaned EBPS & Tube 4-6-12/Zoodad mod/Recon smoked cab lights/MM Hubs/Cowl Hood/HPx
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